How to Measure Quality Models? Digitization into Informative Models Re-use

3D models from passive muted subjects, often used in the books and in preservation design reports as powerful images dense of contents, have nowadays the opportunity to become ’live gears’ leveraging knowledge, interpretation, and management into preservation objectives till to better-informed fruition. To this aim, we need to build up reliable and re-usable 3D Quality models. How to shift from a 3D model toward a 3D quality model? This contribution intends to focus on the parameters defining a 3D Quality model catching the heritage complexity with its components in a holistic methodological and practical vision. A radar chart has been used to manage all the parameters. First of all, Geometry describes a quality model: parameters for data acquisition, on-site surveying, and model processing to obtain 2D-3D Geometry quality are defined. The concept of scale associated with measurable parameters defining the Grade of Accuracy is proposed and applied to the surveying and to the 3D models. 3D models can be considered tools to decode the complexity of cultural heritage made by the different transformations across the centuries, anthropicnatural hazards, climate change threats and events (such as earthquakes, fires, wars). Thus, Geometry is not enough to describe such complexity; it represents the first step. Materials and Construction technologies analysis is the second pillar qualifying a quality model. The connection with the indirect data source (i.e., historical reports and archives documents), is the third pillar to be reconnected to the Geometry and Material analysis in the quality definition. HBIM represents a multidisciplinary environment to convey the information related to geometry and models. Furtherly, several parameters are identified to describe the quality of informative models, as in the case ofObject Libraries and Building archeology progressively feeding such models. BIM Level of Developments (phases) and Level of Geometry (contents, not scale!) have been adapted to the HBIM, introducing digitization, surveying, andHBIM modeling into the preservation process. Finally, a quality model is defined by the capability to be re-used circulating Information andModels among the end-users as in the case of informed VR/AR through CDE and XR platforms

THE GEO-REFERENCED XIX CENTURY CARTOGRAPHY: AN ANALYSIS TOOL AND A PROJECT REFERENCE FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BUILT AND LANDSCAPE HERITAGE

Abstract. Considering built and landscape heritage, the paper demonstrates how it is necessary to conserve the historic stratification and to define new compatible plans and uses, identifying the ways to mitigate alteration impacts, requalify degraded areas, enhance natural, historic and cultural values, improve documentary and educational options, and manage new tasks and opportunities. Particularly, the historic complexity of built and landscape heritage, and the level of permanence can be recognized and evaluated by comparing multi-temporal historic and current maps, and surveying the present situation in order to define preservation strategies.Innovative tools (open source map registry, open source GIS data management) support the critical analysis of the maps, the representation of historic stratification, the evaluation of conservation levels, and the definition of heritage reuse and management. Moreover, innovative applications based on advanced Virtual Hub, when used to publish historical maps as Open Data (GEOPAN ATL@S APP), allow a larger public of non-expert users (tourists, citizens, bikers, students, etc.) to access the extraordinary richness of the historical map contents, and navigate across urban landscapes. Such APPs are thus becoming instruments of awareness with a strong pro-active capacity to stimulate new design plans encompassing local cultural identity and rediscovering traces of the past.</p

Scan registration using planar features

Point cloud acquisition by using laser scanners provides an efficient way for 3D as-built modelling of indoor/outdoor urban environments. In the case of large structures, multiple scans may be required to cover the entire scene and registration is needed to merge them together. In general, the identification of corresponding geometric features among a series of scans can be used to compute the 3D rigid-body transformation useful for the registration of each scan into the reference system of the final point cloud. Different automatic or semi-automatic methods have been developed to this purpose. Several solutions based on artificial targets are available, which however may not be suitable in any situations. Methods based on surface matching (like ICP and LS3D) can be applied if the scans to align have a proper geometry and surface texture. In the case of urban and architectural scenes that present the prevalence of a few basic geometric shapes ("Legoland" scenes) the availability of many planar features is exploited here for registration. The presented technique does not require artificial targets to be added to the scanned scene. In addition, unlike other surface-based techniques (like ICP) the planar feature-based registration technique is not limited to work in a pairwise manner but it can handle the simultaneous alignment of multiple scans. Finally, some applications are presented and discussed to show how this technique can achieve accuracy comparable to a consolidated registration method

SURVEY, HBIM AND CONSERVATION PLAN OF A MONUMENTAL BUILDING DAMAGED BY EARTHQUAKE

open4Oreni, D.; Brumana, R.; Della Torre, S.; Banfi, F.Oreni, Daniela; Brumana, Raffaella; DELLA TORRE, Stefano; Banfi, Fabrizi

A FLEXIBLE METHODOLOGY FOR OUTDOOR/INDOOR BUILDING RECONSTRUCTION FROM OCCLUDED POINT CLOUDS

Terrestrial Laser Scanning data are increasingly used in building survey not only in cultural heritage domain but also for as-built modelling of large and medium size civil structures. However, raw point clouds derived from laser scanning generally not directly ready for the generation of such models. A time-consuming manual modelling phase has to be taken into account. In addition the large presence of occlusion and clutter may turn out in low-quality building models when state-of-the-art automatic modelling procedures are applied. This paper presents an automated procedure to convert raw point clouds into semantically-enriched building models. The developed method mainly focuses on a geometrical complexity typical of modern buildings with clear prevalence of planar features A characteristic of this methodology is the possibility to work with outdoor and indoor building environments. In order to operate under severe occlusions and clutter a couple of completion algorithms were designed to generate a plausible and reliable model. Finally, some examples of the developed modelling procedure are presented and discussed

Digital Twin and Cloud BIM-XR Platform Development: From Scan-to-BIM-to-DT Process to a 4D Multi-User Live App to Improve Building Comfort, Efficiency and Costs

Digital twins (DTs) and building information modelling (BIM) are proving to be valuable tools for managing the entire life cycle of a building (LCB), from the early design stages to management and maintenance over time. On the other hand, BIM platforms cannot manage the geometric complexities of existing buildings and the large amount of information that sensors can collect. For this reason, this research proposes a scan-to-BIM process capable of managing high levels of detail (LODs) and information (LOIs) during the design, construction site management, and construction phases. Specific grades of generation (GOGs) were applied to create as-found, as-designed, and as-built models that interact with and support the rehabilitation project of a multi-level residential building. Furthermore, thanks to the sharing of specific APIs (Revit and Autodesk Forge APIs), it was possible to switch from static representations to novel levels of interoperability and interactivity for the user and more advanced forms of building management such as a DT, a BIM cloud, and an extended reality (XR) web platform. Finally, the development of a live app shows how different types of users (professionals and non-expert) can interact with the DT, in order to know the characteristics with which the environments have been designed, as well as the environmental parameters, increasing their degree of control, from the point of view of improving comfort, use, costs, behaviour, and good practices. Finally, the overall approach was verified through a real case study where the BIM-XR platform was built for energy improvements to existing buildings and facade renovations

A virtual Hub brokering approach for integration of historical and modern maps

Geospatial data are today more and more widespread. Many different institutions, such as Geographical Institutes, Public Administrations, collaborative communities (e.g., OSM) and web companies, make available nowadays a large number of maps. Besides this cartography, projects of digitizing, georeferencing and web publication of historical maps have increasingly spread in the recent years. In spite of these variety and availability of data, information overload makes difficult their discovery and management: without knowing the specific repository where the data are stored, it is difficult to find the information required and problems of interconnection between different data sources and their restricted interoperability limit a wide utilization of available geo-data. This paper aims to describe some actions performed to assure interoperability between data, in particular spatial and geographic data, gathered from different data providers, with different features and referring to different historical periods. The article summarizes and exemplifies how, starting from projects of historical map digitizing and Historical GIS implementation, respectively for the Lombardy and for the city of Parma, the interoperability is possible in the framework of the ENERGIC OD project. The European project ENERGIC OD, thanks to a specific component - the virtual hub - based on a brokering framework, copes with the previous listed problems and allows the interoperability between different data sources

MANAGEMENT PLANS AND WEB-GIS SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS AS ACTIVE AND DYNAMIC TOOLS TO CONSERVE AND VALORIZE HISTORIC PUBLIC GARDENS

Abstract. Historic gardens are artefacts that evolve in a continuous and unavoidable way, and, at the same time, they are heritage and cultural sites that need to be conserved: the recognition of this dual nature motivates us to seek for new approaches to their management issues. Whilst it is necessary to follow site mutations and valorize its features while dynamically changes the appearance of the garden and the needs of the society, at the same time it is fundamental that an appropriate strategic plan sets a target for the garden, a midmid-long term vision, in order to preserve botanic and documentary value and maintain historic and artistic significance. The paper analyzes historical sources, surveys, thematic maps and interpretations to study historic public gardens, considering complexity and vulnerability of the components an d issues involved in historic gardens and consequent multidisciplinary approach. In order to identify conservation and management criteria it underlines analysis and evaluation of the environmental, architectural, land scape and perceptive features of the historic garden and its surroundings, demonstrating the importance to study the site historic stratification and the site context in order to define preservation goals to prevent decay, to mitigate impacts, to set up maintenance programs and management plans. The aim of this essay is also to highlight the role of GIS and WebGIS applications – targeted at public administrations – that integrate the spatial component (topographic map, ortophoto, physical plans, cadastral maps) and databases about botanic inventories and conservation and valorization treatments of historic public of public gardens.</p